Woman Bitten by a Snake by Auguste Jean-Baptiste Clésinger (1814-1883). Exhibited at the 1847 Salon. Marble. Courtesy Musée d'Orsay. [See below for other views of this work.]
"Clésinger's Woman Bitten by a Snake, a succes de scandale . . . ensured its creator's notoriety at the Salon of 1847. The scandal surrounding the work was orchestrated by Theophile Gautier, who spread a rumour that the cast for the statue had been taken from life. The model was Apollonie Sabatier, called 'camp-follower of the fauns' by the Goncourt brothers, but by Baudelaire 'the beautiful, the good, darling', 'a guardian angel, muse, Madonna' and 'girl who laughs too much'. This notorious work exerted a lasting influence. Sculptors began making the female body more curvaceous and languishing, but omitted the cellulite rippling above Mme Sabatier's thighs that had lent credence to the live-casting rumour. 'A daguerreotype in sculpture', wrote Delacroix, in his journal for 7 May 1847. However, the tide of realism was arrested by subsequent titles for nudes. They were called Sleeping Hebe (Carrier-Belleuse) Eve after the Fall (Delaplanche) and Young Tarentine (Schoenewerk). Mathurin Moreau's Bacchante continued this series late into the century." — Pingeot, Musée d'Orsay, p. 45.
Other views
Some leading questions
1. Do you think this sculpture scandalized people chiefly because they thought the artist cheated by taking a lifecast of the model (and thus avoiding part of the work — someone still had to carve it out of the marble)? Or was it statue's pose that bothered some in the audience. How could the non-mythological title have contribibuted to the scandal?
2. How was (in Pingeot's words) "the tide of realism . . . arrested by subsequent titles"?
3. What effect, in other words, does adding a title have to a visual object?
4. Does it change the object or dos it simply add it to one or more contexts? Can you think of British examples of using titles to frame, contextualize, or sanitize an erotic image in stone, bronze, or paint? [To explore this question, you might want to go to the Victorian sculpture overview (by clicking on the icon below) and look through some of the English sculpture galleries. GPL.]
References
Pingeot, Anne. The Musée d'Orsay: Sculpture. London: Scala, 1998. Pp. 45, 52.
Last modified 20 September 2008